Birdwatching Opportunities
(scroll down this page for full species list)
Above: Brazilian Tanager (Ramphocelus bresilius), male, one of 19 tanager species seen at Sítio do Cervo.
Below left: Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus ssp. ariel), one of four members of the toucan family found here.
Sítio do Cervo offers birdwatchers the chance to see a wide range of lowland Atlantic Forest species within a small area, in comfortable and beautiful surroundings. Because of the variety of landscapes within the grounds -- open grassland, canopy forest with plenty of native bamboo, river bank, marshy areas, forest streams, forest edge and fishing lake -- species favouring each of these habitats are represented, as the list below shows. An additional advantage is an abundance of the endangered Euterpe edulis (juçara) palmetto or sugar palm, which attracts many species in its fruiting period between late February and June.
With its proximity to São Paulo, approximately two hours from the international airport, Sítio do Cervo is a convenient destination for birdwatchers planning a wider tour of Brazil or South America. Although we encourage visits of at least 24 hours to appreciate the full range of bird life, it is feasible to organise a day trip from São Paulo city and still expect a fulfilling birding experience.
Experienced bird guide Bruno Lima will help visitors to locate species using playback, and if requested can arrange excursions to an area of restinga (white-sand coastal forest) within an hour's drive to see the Northernmost colony of Red-tailed Parrots (Amazonas brasiliensis). Other nearby opportunities include a mountain trail in the Itatins range, where species such as Spotted Bamboo-wren (Psilorhampus guttatus) can be encountered, and a little further afield the isolated SE Brazil coastal population of Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber).
TESTIMONIALS
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Bird news as it happens, via Twitter ....!
Blue-winged Parrotlets (Forpus xanthopterygius)
Commonly seen around the property, usually in pairs and small flocks. Around nesting season they check out any available pre-made hole, here atop the hollow trunk in front of the house occupied by Yellow-fronted Woodpeckers.
Birds of Sítio do Cervo
This list was first compiled in April 2008 based on an initial survey (108 species in a weekend) and evidence from past photos and recordings. It is being constantly updated with new observations. We are gradually adding links to photos and recordings -- all taken at the farm or in immediate surroundings -- alongside each species. Please contact us with any suspected inaccuracies, or if you spot a species not yet listed on one of the recordings.
In the totals, we are counting species heard or seen on or from the farm itself and its associated forest trails, and along the 2km track leading from the highway. Taxonomic descriptions and threat status are based on Birdlife International and IUCN data, unless otherwise indicated.
Running totals: Identified in total: 217 species
Species Endemic to the Atlantic Forest region: 64
Near-Threatened species according to IUCN criteria: 11
Vulnerable species: 5
Species with Restricted Range (ie less than 50,000 sq km) according to Birdlife International: 10
Warning: The web design system I use does not open audio links in a new window, so you will have to use your back-button to return to the list after listening to a call.
All photos Copyright Tim Hirsch, All Rights Reserved, unless other photographer is specified.
TINAMIDAE – Tinamous (3)
Brown Tinamou – Crypturellus obsoletus - Inhambu-guaçu.
Heard in forest year-round. Difficult to see, but song unmistakeable - wonderfully described in the guide"Birds of Greater São Paulo", written by Pedro Develey of SAVE - Brazil's partner organisation of Birdlife International - as "a rising series of whistles, like a traffic policeman's". Here is a recording from the balcony of the main house, with the sonogram below.
Brown Tinamou – Crypturellus obsoletus - Inhambu-guaçu.
Heard in forest year-round. Difficult to see, but song unmistakeable - wonderfully described in the guide"Birds of Greater São Paulo", written by Pedro Develey of SAVE - Brazil's partner organisation of Birdlife International - as "a rising series of whistles, like a traffic policeman's". Here is a recording from the balcony of the main house, with the sonogram below.
Yellow-legged Tinamou – Crypturellus noctivagus - Jaó-do-litoral. Endemic, Near-Threatened. Heard all day from inside forest Sep-Feb, and more sporadically at dusk in other periods. Difficult to see, but spotted after patient playback in Oct 2009.
From the open areas of the estate, several individuals can often be heard from different parts of the forest, calling to one another with their reverberant, ghostly song. In the first recording below, from the main forest trail, at least three individuals can be heard, one very close by, another in the middle distance, and one just audible in the background. You can also hear Red-rumped Cacique, Grey-hooded Attila, Rufous-capped Ant-thrush, Blond-crested Woodpecker, and briefly (at the end) Saw-billed Hermit. Plus the ubiquitous chickens.
From April 2009, a slightly different call was heard for several months - with a slight crack in the first note, suggesting perhaps it was a juvenile. You can hear it in the background here, behind the much louder cheep of a Black-cheeked Gnateater.
(Solitary Tinamou – Tinamus solitarius - Macuco.) Endemic, Near-Threatened. We have never seen this species at Sítio do Cervo, nor indeed heard its very distinctive song. However, it was thought the most likely source of a blue egg seen on trail near river, Nov 30 2008, so it is tentatively on this list. See photo of egg
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PHALACROCORACIDAE – Cormorants (1)
Neotropic Cormorant -- Phalacrocorax brasilianus -- Biguá. Occasional visitor to fishing lake.
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ANHINGADAE – Anhingas (1)
Anhinga – Anhinga anhinga - Carará. Seen flying overhead
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PHALACROCORACIDAE – Cormorants (1)
Neotropic Cormorant -- Phalacrocorax brasilianus -- Biguá. Occasional visitor to fishing lake.
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ANHINGADAE – Anhingas (1)
Anhinga – Anhinga anhinga - Carará. Seen flying overhead
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ARDEIDAE -- Herons (4)
Rufescent Tiger Heron – Tigrisoma lineatum - Socó-boi. Regular visitor to lake, best seen early morning stalking the banks, will fly into nearby trees if disturbed. Also seen by riverbank early Jan 2009.
Juvenile plumage (left) and, below, the same individual (I think) as an adult.
Juvenile plumage (left) and, below, the same individual (I think) as an adult.
Striated Heron – Butorides striata - Socozinho. Visits lake regularly.
Great Egret – Ardea alba - Garça-branca-grande. Occasional visitor to lake.
Little Blue Heron - Egretta caerulea - Garça-azul. Seen at lake December 2008.
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Little Blue Heron - Egretta caerulea - Garça-azul. Seen at lake December 2008.
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THRESKIORNITHIDAE -Ibises (1)
Green Ibis – Mesembrinibis cayennensis - Coró-coró. Resident by river-bank, heard and seen very often in that area especially in mornings, heard flying over river early evening. Easily located from "gobble" sounded whilst perching in upper riverside branches, changing to a loud "coró coró" sounded continuously in flight. In the recording below, two individuals can be heard first perched about 10m up in a tree, then taking off across the river.
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CATHARTIDAE – Vultures (2)
Black vulture – Coragyps atratus - Urubu-de-cabeça-preta. Often overhead and perched on electricity pylons near top entrance, seen circling high in large groups following updraughts. Light-coloured wing tips best fieldmark from below.
Turkey Vulture – Cathartes aura -- Urubu-de-cabeça-vermelha. Often overhead and soaring low over forest, occasionally perching. Distinguishable from Coragyps by lighter wing feathers as seen from below.
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ANATIDAE -- Ducks (2)
White-faced Whistling-Duck -- Dendrocygna viduata -- Irerê. Heard and seen flying in formation over river early evening. The flight calls are deceptive, as they do not sound like ducks, and appear closer and softer than they actually are - the recording below is from a flock far overhead, flying along the course of the river several hundred metres from the main house where I was standing.
Brazilian Teal - Amazonetta brasiliensis -- Ananaí. Pair seen flying low along the river early evening, November.
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ACCIPITRIDAE – Hawks (8)
White-necked Hawk – Leucopternis lacernulatus - Gavião-pombo. Endemic Vulnerable
Seen regularly flying above forest, and occasionally perched near house, entrance track and riverbank. Always sighted individually until December 2009, when a pair was seen circling above the house - joined at one point by a third individual (see photos below). I once heard the song - a loud, descending whistle, but have never managed to record it. If I do, it will (I believe) be the first recording in existence.
Seen regularly flying above forest, and occasionally perched near house, entrance track and riverbank. Always sighted individually until December 2009, when a pair was seen circling above the house - joined at one point by a third individual (see photos below). I once heard the song - a loud, descending whistle, but have never managed to record it. If I do, it will (I believe) be the first recording in existence.
Rufous-thighed Kite – Harpagus diodon - Gavião-bombachinha. Seen above forest and across river, also perching for long periods on high branches near house.
Roadside hawk – Rupornis magnirostris - Gavião-carijó. Around constantly, perches for long periods on edge of open area. Call heard here (twice) with Golden-crowned Warbler in the foreground.
Black hawk-eagle -- Spizaetus tyrannus -- Gavião-pega-macaco. Distinctive flute-like call heard very regularly in canopy, and often seen flying in pairs above forest. Can sometimes be viewed perching from open areas near house. The Portuguese name means "Hawk that takes monkeys". The recording here was early morning from inside the forest, the hawk-eagle high up in the canopy but not seen.
Black and White Hawk-Eagle -- Spizastur melanoleucus -- Gavião Pato. Seen soaring above house May 2009, distinguishable in flight from White-necked Hawk by: larger size, mask around eyes, underside of wing and tail more complex banded colouring (white-necked hawk wing appears pure white with black outer ring).
Swallow-tailed Kite -- Elanoides forficatus -- Gavião-tesoura. Seen over house and forest from Sep-Oct 2008.
Hook-billed Kite -- Chondrohierax uncinatus -- Caracoleiro. Seen perched by riverbank early Oct 2008, feeding on unidentified prey.
Grey-headed Kite -- Leptodon cayanensis. Heard from direction of river, late pm Nov 2009.
Swallow-tailed Kite -- Elanoides forficatus -- Gavião-tesoura. Seen over house and forest from Sep-Oct 2008.
Hook-billed Kite -- Chondrohierax uncinatus -- Caracoleiro. Seen perched by riverbank early Oct 2008, feeding on unidentified prey.
Grey-headed Kite -- Leptodon cayanensis. Heard from direction of river, late pm Nov 2009.
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FALCONIDAE - Falcons (5)
Laughing Falcon – Herpetotheres cachinnans - Acauã. Heard regularly from inside the forest, around sunset and early morning. In this recording you can here the repeated, mocking song in the background behind some clucking chickens.
FALCONIDAE - Falcons (5)
Laughing Falcon – Herpetotheres cachinnans - Acauã. Heard regularly from inside the forest, around sunset and early morning. In this recording you can here the repeated, mocking song in the background behind some clucking chickens.
Collared Forest Falcon – Micrastur semitorquatus - Falcão-relógio. Heard frequently, after dusk and around dawn. In this dawn recording you can hear two individuals - one giving the rising "clock" song that provides the Portuguese name, and the other with the single, plaintive call.
Barred Forest Falcon - Micrastur ruficollis - Gavião-caburé. Spotted March 2009 near top entrance gate flying into area of small trees.
Yellow-headed Caracara – Milvago chimachima - Gavião-carrapateiro. Seen frequently in forest canopy, occasionally in palm trees near house. Its presence is often betrayed by its loud, hissy screech - like this one above the main forest trail. In this recording you can also hear the call of a Rufous-capped Antthrush nearby.
Southern Caracara – Caracara plancus - Caracará. Seen regularly in open area by entrance and flying high above forest.
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CRACIDAE – Guans (1)
Dusky-legged guan – Penelope obscura - Jacuguaçu. Heard and seen most of year next to house, esp. dawn and dusk, though apparently moving deeper into forest to breed. Can be seen walking at edge of forest, and flying between crowns of palm trees. Family group of five emerging every evening from lower forest to feed near house from Feb 2009.
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PHASIANIDAE -- Wood Quails (1)
Spot-winged Wood-quail -- Odontophorus capueira -- Uru. Endemic. Heard nearly every evening calling from inside forest at dusk, and early morning in spring.
PHASIANIDAE -- Wood Quails (1)
Spot-winged Wood-quail -- Odontophorus capueira -- Uru. Endemic. Heard nearly every evening calling from inside forest at dusk, and early morning in spring.
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RALLIDAE – Rails (3)
Slaty-breasted Wood-rail – Aramides saracura -- Saracura-do-mato. Endemic. Heard often especially near river, seen regularly at forest edge, venturing out to open areas near guest house at dusk.
RALLIDAE – Rails (3)
Slaty-breasted Wood-rail – Aramides saracura -- Saracura-do-mato. Endemic. Heard often especially near river, seen regularly at forest edge, venturing out to open areas near guest house at dusk.
Common Moorhen (or Gallinule) - Gallinula chloropus - Frango d'Agua. Often seen on lake near highway.
Uniform Crake - Amaurolimnas concolor - Saracura lisa. Seen and heard in marshy area near river from October 2008, seen with chicks late November, pair heard near river mid-Dec. This recording was from the footbridge crossing the forest wetland - at the end you can hear the chatter of a Brazilian Squirrel.
Uniform Crake - Amaurolimnas concolor - Saracura lisa. Seen and heard in marshy area near river from October 2008, seen with chicks late November, pair heard near river mid-Dec. This recording was from the footbridge crossing the forest wetland - at the end you can hear the chatter of a Brazilian Squirrel.
JACANIDAE --Jacanas (1)
Wattled Jacana -- Jacana jacana -- Jaçanã. Often seen walking on lilies in lake at turnoff from highway, and in wetland area on approach road where it will fly off showing characteristic yellow underside of wings.
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Charadriidae - Plovers
Southern Lapwing – Vanellus chilensis -- Quero-quero. Breeding pair resident year-round in open area, protecting 3-4 eggs in scrape below pool from August onwards.
COLUMBIDAE – Pigeons and Doves (7)
Ruddy Ground Dove – Columbina talpacoti -- Rolinha Roxa. Seen constantly, in groups on ground and sometimes perched in trees close to house.
Gray-fronted Dove – Leptotila rufaxilla -- Juriti-gemedeira. Seen and heard constantly - call interval faster (3-4 secs) than White-Tipped Dove.
White-tipped Dove – Leptotila verreauxi -- Juriti-pupu. Seen and heard constantly - call interval slower (10-15 secs) than Grey-fronted dove. In this recording, the call comes twice, about 3 seconds and 17 seconds into the clip. A distant Yellow-legged Tinamou sounds between the two calls.
Pale-vented Pigeon - Patagioenas cayennensis -- Pomba-galega. Seen constantly, often perching in groups in canopy.
Picazuro Pigeon - Patagioenas picazuro - Pombão Seen and heard frequently.
Plumbeous Pigeon - Patagioenas plumbea - Pomba amargosa. Confirmed sighting from across lake perched on exposed branch, 27 Jan 2009.
Ruddy Quail-Dove - Geotrygon montana - Pariri. Dead individual found by house after crashing into window, April 2009.
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PSITTACIDAE – Parrots (5)
Pileated Parrot (or Parakeet) – Pionopsitta pileata -- Cuiú Cuiú Endemic. Seen and heard sporadically flying over forest.
Picazuro Pigeon - Patagioenas picazuro - Pombão Seen and heard frequently.
Plumbeous Pigeon - Patagioenas plumbea - Pomba amargosa. Confirmed sighting from across lake perched on exposed branch, 27 Jan 2009.
Ruddy Quail-Dove - Geotrygon montana - Pariri. Dead individual found by house after crashing into window, April 2009.
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PSITTACIDAE – Parrots (5)
Pileated Parrot (or Parakeet) – Pionopsitta pileata -- Cuiú Cuiú Endemic. Seen and heard sporadically flying over forest.
Blue-winged Parrotlet – Forpus xanthopterygius -- Tuim. Seen and heard constantly in various locations near house, including wooded area by feeders.
Scaly-headed Parrot – Pionus maximiliani -- Maitaca-verde. Abundant year-round, seen daily flying in groups high over forest, perches mainly in upper forest area near entrance gate.
Plain Parakeet – Brotogeris tirica -- Periquito Rico. Endemic Abundant year-round, often seen feeding in groups on bananas near house
Maroon-bellied Parakeet - Pyrrhura Frontalis -- Tiriba-de-testa amarela. Endemic. Seen and heard often, gathered in groups Aug/Sep 2008 to feed on bananas near house. First individual seen on bananas Aug 3 2009 (pictured here).
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Cuculidae - Cuckoos (3)
Squirrel Cuckoo – Piyaya Cayana -- Alma-de-gato. Seen and heard regularly at edge of forest. Listen to call
Smooth-billed Ani – Crotophaga Ani -- Anu-preto. Regular visitor to the farm in groups, very common in open areas along track to highway.
Guira Cuckoo – Guira guira -- Anu-branco. Regular visitor in groups, very common in open areas along track to highway.
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STRIGIDAE – Owls (6)
Tawny-browed Owl – Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana -- Murucututu. Endemic. Restricted Range. Heard sporadically from forest, especially near guest house.
Mottled Owl – Ciccaba virgata -- Coruja-de-bigodes. Heard often at night. Listen to call (distant and brief)
Black-capped Screech-Owl – Megascops atricapilla - Corujinha-sapo. Endemic. Heard constantly at night, probably most common owl species. Listen to call (3 times) Listen to alternative call
Tropical Screech-Owl - Megascops choliba - Corujinha-do-mato. Recorded just before dawn late December 2008, and heard regularly in following months. Juvenile (pictured here) found injured July 2009, apparently having been dropped by a hawk, and flew off after building up strength for a couple of days. Listen to call
Striped Owl - Pseudoscops clamator - Coruja-orelhuda. Heard often, especially just before dawn. Listen to call
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl - Glaucidium brasilianum - Caburé. Heard from forest early morning, August.
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NYCTIBIIDAE – Potoos (1)
Common Potoo – Nyctibius griseus -- Urutau. Heard often at night and early morning from forest, especially spring and summer. Listen to song (in background at dawn with White-necked Thrush)
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CAPRIMULGIDAE – Nightjars (2)
Short-tailed Nighthawk – Lurocalis semitorquatus -- Tujú. Seen and heard constantly above and in forest, especially around dawn. Listen to dawn song
Common Pauraque – Nyctidromus albicollis -- Curiango. Constantly on entrance track at night, flying from ground in the headlights, calls repeatedly at intervals of 30 secs or so. Listen to call
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APODIDAE – Swifts (3)
Sick’s Swift – Chaetura meridionalis -- Andorinhão-do-temporal. Often seen flying overhead.
Grey-rumped Swift – Chaetura cinereiventris -- Andorinhão-de-barriga-cinza. Often seen flying overhead.
White-collared Swift -- Streptoprocne zonaris -- Andorinhão-de-coleira-branca.
Seen on track from main highway and above open area of farm, October.
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Striped Owl - Pseudoscops clamator - Coruja-orelhuda. Heard often, especially just before dawn. Listen to call
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl - Glaucidium brasilianum - Caburé. Heard from forest early morning, August.
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NYCTIBIIDAE – Potoos (1)
Common Potoo – Nyctibius griseus -- Urutau. Heard often at night and early morning from forest, especially spring and summer. Listen to song (in background at dawn with White-necked Thrush)
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CAPRIMULGIDAE – Nightjars (2)
Short-tailed Nighthawk – Lurocalis semitorquatus -- Tujú. Seen and heard constantly above and in forest, especially around dawn. Listen to dawn song
Common Pauraque – Nyctidromus albicollis -- Curiango. Constantly on entrance track at night, flying from ground in the headlights, calls repeatedly at intervals of 30 secs or so. Listen to call
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APODIDAE – Swifts (3)
Sick’s Swift – Chaetura meridionalis -- Andorinhão-do-temporal. Often seen flying overhead.
Grey-rumped Swift – Chaetura cinereiventris -- Andorinhão-de-barriga-cinza. Often seen flying overhead.
White-collared Swift -- Streptoprocne zonaris -- Andorinhão-de-coleira-branca.
Seen on track from main highway and above open area of farm, October.
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TROCHILIDAE – Hummingbirds (15)
Saw-billed hermit – Ramphodon naevius -- Beija-flor-rajado. Endemic Near-Threatened. Restricted Range. Seen and heard constantly in forest, especially on main trail to river, sometimes ventures into open areas and feeder. Listen to pair flying past (with Cocker Spaniel, sorry)
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Versicolored Emerald – Amazilia versicolor -- Beija-flor-de-banda-branca. Seen regularly at bromelias and other flowers (pictured here at flowering lychee), and at feeders.
Glittering-throated Emerald - Amazilia fimbriata - Beija-flor-de-garganta-verde. Seen at feeder.
Sapphire-spangled Emerald - Amazilia lactea - Beija-flor-de-peito-azul. Identified in forest Nov 2009.
Versicolored Emerald – Amazilia versicolor -- Beija-flor-de-banda-branca. Seen regularly at bromelias and other flowers (pictured here at flowering lychee), and at feeders.
Glittering-throated Emerald - Amazilia fimbriata - Beija-flor-de-garganta-verde. Seen at feeder.
Sapphire-spangled Emerald - Amazilia lactea - Beija-flor-de-peito-azul. Identified in forest Nov 2009.
Black-throated Mango – Anthracothorax nigricollis -- Beija-flor-de-veste-preta. Seen regularly, including above river catching flies early Jan 2009.
Violet-capped Woodnymph – Thalurania glaucopis -- Beija-flor-de-fronte-violeta. Endemic. Seen constantly at flowers and feeders.
Male
Male
Scale-throated Hermit - Phaethornis eurynome - Rabo-branco-de-garganta-rajada. Endemic. Seen near main house in November 2008.
Reddish Hermit – Phaethornis ruber -- Besourinho-da-mata. Seen at forest edge, especially around Costus spiralis (Spiral Ginger) plants.
Dusky-throated Hermit -- Phaethornis squalidus -- Rabo-branco-pequeno. Endemic Singing constantly from August 2008 to January 2009 in heliconia-rich area at forest edge. From November, emerging into open to give spectacular displays. Lek observed again in full swing Aug 19 2009, with excited responses to playback. Listen to song Listen to song in new lek Aug 2009
Black Jacobin – Melanotrochilus fuscus -- Beija-flor-preto-e-branco. Endemic. Seen constantly in spring and summer throughout property, including at feeders and catching flies over river.
Sombre Hummingbird - Aphantochroa cirrochloris -- Beija-flor-cinza. Endemic. Seen constantly near house and in forest - aggressively chases off other visitors to feeders, and perches tamely in trees close to upstairs balcony. Listen to song Listen to call (by stream in forest)
Black-eared Fairy - Heliothrix auritus - Beija-flor-de-bochecha-azul. Seen close to house from August, will sometimes come right up to the terrace, unmistakeable with white, flapping tail feathers. For some reason very interested in blankets airing on balcony railings. Listen to call and wing-beats (with White Woodpecker).
Festive Coquette - Lophornis chalybeus - Topetinho-verde Spotted on flowering fruit trees mid-August.
Sub-adult male
Sub-adult male
White-chinned Sapphire - Hyocharis cyanus - Beija-flor-roxo. Seen amongst citrus and lychee flowers early September, with distinctive red-orange beak, and again in May 2009 among the wildflowers in grassy area near top entrance.
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird - Eupetomena macroura - Beija-flor-tesoura. Although very common in cities less abundant here, but seen at feeder Sep-Oct 2008.
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Swallow-tailed Hummingbird - Eupetomena macroura - Beija-flor-tesoura. Although very common in cities less abundant here, but seen at feeder Sep-Oct 2008.
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TROGONIDAE – Trogons (2)
White-tailed Trogon – Trogon viridis -- Surucuá-grande-de-barriga-amarela. Seen and heard constantly, sometimes in trees close to house. Listen to song. Listen to wingbeat and "rattle"
Male
Female (with fruit of Euterpe edulis palm in beak)
Black-throated Trogon - Trogon rufus - Surucuá-de-barriga-amarela Call distinguished from White-tailed Trogon in recording from March 2009, subsequently heard in various forest locations. Listen to call
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ALCEDINIDAE – Kingfishers (3)
Ringed Kingfisher – Ceryle torquatus -- Martim-pescador-grande. Seasonal visitor to lake (autumn to spring), seen and heard constantly after arrival -- in 2008 arrived April 20th, in 2009 Mar 26th. Listen to call
Amazon Kingfisher – Chloroceryle amazona -- Martim-pescador-verde. Regular visitor to lake and often seen at riverbank.
Green Kingfisher - Chloroceryle americana - Martim-pescador-pequeno. Suspected sightings often, but confirmed female being chased off by Ringed Kingfisher as she tried fishing at the lake, June 2009. Smallest of the family here, but still giant compared to European kingfishers.
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BUCCONIDAE -- Puffbirds (1)
Crescent-chested Puffbird - Malacoptila striata -- João-barbudo. Endemic. Spotted and heard regularly at riverbank, seen once in Jambu tree near house - will stay very still in lower branches for long periods.
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RAMPHASTIDAE – Toucans (4)
Channel-billed toucan – Ramphastos vitellinus -- Tucano-de-bico-preto. Present in large groups year-round, most visible April-June eating fruit of Euterpe edulis palm. Listen to call
Red-breasted Toucan – Ramphastos dicolorus -- Tucano-de-bico-verde. Endemic. Present year-round in smaller groups, often together with Channel-billed Toucans. Often seen very close to house, either feeding on palmitos or nest-raiding in spring. Listen to call (with Azure Jays)
Saffron Toucanet – Baillonius bailloni -- Araçari-banana. Endemic Near-Threatened. Seen regularly esp. spring-summer, sometimes in jerivá palm.
Spot-billed Toucanet – Selenidera maculirostris -- Araçari-poca Endemic. Seen and heard sporadically in forest interior, especially April-June. Recorded also in early November and heard throughout summer 2008-9. Responds to playback. Individual seen feeding on still-green fruit of juçara palm in open area, mid-Feb 2009. Most commonly seen in canopy from highest part of main trail to river. Listen to call (with white-tailed trogon and red-rumped cacique)
Photo: Michael Ambjorn
Photo: Michael Ambjorn
PICIDAE – Woodpeckers (9)
Ochre-collared Piculet – Picumnus temminckii -- Pica-pau-anão-de-coleira. Endemic. Seen and heard constantly at forest edges and sometimes close to house, responds to playback. Listen to song
Blond-crested Woodpecker – Celeus flavescens -- Pica-pau-de-cabeça-amarela. Seen and heard constantly, feeds on bananas, among the first calls to be heard at dawn. Listen to song Listen to "chatter"
Male
Male
Female
Lineated Woodpecker – Dryocopus lineatus -- Pica-pau-de-banda-branca. Seen and heard regularly, especially near river. Listen to call
Yellow-fronted Woodpecker – Melanerpes flavifrons -- Benedito-de-testa-amarela. Endemic. Seen and heard constantly in groups of three or four, nests in holes drilled in dead tree next to house. Pair seen re-occupying holes (for the third year running) Aug 19 2009. Listen to call Listen to chick calling from nest hole Listen to group close up, calling and wingbeats
Male
Male
Female
Video by Eduardo Duwe
White-spotted Woodpecker – Veniliornis spilogaster -- Picapauzinho-verde-carijó. Endemic. Seen and heard regularly, including on Queen Palm (jerivá) in front of bedroom terrace, August 2009. Listen to call
White Woodpecker - Melanerpes candidus -- Pica-pau-branco. Seen sporadically in groups in open area, behaving more like flycatchers than woodpeckers making aerobatic movements from the canopy. Group heard and seen by house Aug 6th 2009. Listen to call (with Black-eared Fairy)
Yellow-throated Woodpecker – Piculus flavigula -- Pica-pau-bufador. Seen and heard regularly in wooded area near house, though keeps more hidden than yellow-fronted and blond-crested woodpeckers. Responds well to playback. Listen to song (with Red-eyed Vireo and others)
Campo Flicker - Colaptes campestris --Pica-pau-do-campo.Seen occasionally in open area above house (spotted Sep 11 on electricity pole) and on track from highway.
Green-barred Woodpecker - Colaptes melanochlorus - Pica-pau-verde-barrado. Heard calling and spotted in bamboo near house, Sep 2008, photographed from bedroom terrace Jan 2009.
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RHINOCRYPTIDAE – Tapaculos (1)
White-breasted Tapaculo – Scytalopus indigoticus -- Macuquinho. Endemic Near-Threatened. Heard regularly from undergrowth at edge of forest in various locations close to main farm, including by entrance track. Also in marshy area near riverbank. Can be coaxed out with playback. Listen to song (with other species in forest)
Photo: Bruno Lima
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Photo: Bruno Lima
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FORMICARIIDAE – Antbirds (5)
Squamate Antbird – Myrmeciza squamosa -- Papa-formiga-de-grota. Endemic. Restricted Range. Heard and seen constantly in forest interior, also near entrance track. Very responsive to playback. Listen to song Listen to alarm call
Scaled Antbird – Drymophila squamata -- Pintadinho. Endemic. Heard constantly in forest interior, can be glimpsed and photographed with patience. Listen to songs
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Spot-breasted Antvireo–Dysithamnus stictothorax- Choquinha-de-peito-pintado. Endemic Near-Threatened. Restricted Range. Heard constantly in forest interior an edges, stays in upper-midstorey and very difficult to see, associates strongly with Rufous-winged Antwren with which its song can be easily confused - in fact they often seem to answer one another. Listen to song
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Spot-breasted Antvireo–Dysithamnus stictothorax- Choquinha-de-peito-pintado. Endemic Near-Threatened. Restricted Range. Heard constantly in forest interior an edges, stays in upper-midstorey and very difficult to see, associates strongly with Rufous-winged Antwren with which its song can be easily confused - in fact they often seem to answer one another. Listen to song
White-shouldered Fire-eye – Pyriglena leucoptera - Olho-de-fogo. Endemic. Heard constantly and seen regularly in forest interior, among the first on the scene in an antswarm. Responds very well to playback.Listen to call Listen to "conversation"
Male
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Male
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Female
Rufous-capped Antthrush – Formicarius colma -- Galinha-do-mato. Heard constantly and seen regularly in forest. Very responsive to playback. Listen to song
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THAMNOPHILIDAE –Antwrens (6)
Variable Antshrike – Thamnophilus caerulescens -- Choca-da-mata. Heard constantly and seen regularly, especially near entrance track and by riverbank. Among first sounds of "dawn chorus" in spring-summer. One of very few species whose female has more interesting colouring than the male. Listen to morning song
Male
Male
Female
Giant Antshrike - Batara cinerea - Matracão. Heard from across lake early morning, Nov 2009.
Unicolored Antwren – Myrmotherula unicolor -- Choquinha-cinzenta. Endemic Near-Threatened. Restricted Range. Heard and seen regularly in forest interior. Listen to call (with Plain Xenops).
Streak-capped Antwren - Terenura maculata - Zidedê. Endemic. Heard on secondary trail Nov 2009.
Streak-capped Antwren - Terenura maculata - Zidedê. Endemic. Heard on secondary trail Nov 2009.
Star-throated Antwren - Myrmotherula gularis --Choquinha-de-garganta-pintada. Endemic . Restricted Range. Heard and seen regularly in forest, especially near river. Listen to song Listen to call
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Rufous-winged Antwren – Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus -- Chorozinho-de-asa-vermelha. Heard constantly, stays in upper branches so very difficult to see, but occasionally appears in canopy near house. Associates strongly with Spot-breasted Antvireo with which song can be easily confused - in fact they often seem to answer one another. Listen to song
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Photo: Tasso Leventis
Rufous-winged Antwren – Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus -- Chorozinho-de-asa-vermelha. Heard constantly, stays in upper branches so very difficult to see, but occasionally appears in canopy near house. Associates strongly with Spot-breasted Antvireo with which song can be easily confused - in fact they often seem to answer one another. Listen to song
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CONOPOPHAGIDAE – Gnateaters (1)
Black-cheeked gnateater – Conopophaga melanops --Cuspidor-de-máscara-preta. Endemic. Seen and heard constantly in forest interior, approaches very close in undergrowth. Listen to call Listen to song with calls
Male
Male
Female
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FURNARIIDAE – Ovenbirds (9)
Plain Xenops – Xenops minutus -- Bico-virado. Heard and seen often. Listen to call (with Unicoloured Antwren).
Rufous Hornero – Furnarius rufus -- João-de-barro. Resident year-round on farm, building characteristic mud "oven" nests in angle of branches. Listen to song Listen to evening call
Rufous-capped Spinetail – Synallaxis ruficapilla -- Pichororé. Endemic. Seen and heard constantly in forest, especially near river and by entrance track. Listen to call Listen to song
Spix's Spinetail (also Chicli Spinetail) - Synallaxis spixi - João Teneném Heard on top entrance track in open grassy area, Feb 2009, and recorded March in long grass near forest trail entrance. Listen to song (with Brazilian tanagers and Southern House Wren)
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper -- Lochmias nematura -- João-porca. Endemic Seen and heard constantly by stream in forest. Listen to song.
Spix's Spinetail (also Chicli Spinetail) - Synallaxis spixi - João Teneném Heard on top entrance track in open grassy area, Feb 2009, and recorded March in long grass near forest trail entrance. Listen to song (with Brazilian tanagers and Southern House Wren)
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper -- Lochmias nematura -- João-porca. Endemic Seen and heard constantly by stream in forest. Listen to song.
Yellow-chinned Spinetail -- Certhiaxis cinnamomeus -- Curutié. Often seen and heard on wetland area towards highway.
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Black-capped foliage-gleaner -- Philydor atricapillus - Limpa-folha-coroado. Endemic
Very responsive to playback in forest interior. Listen to call and song following playback
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner -- Automolus leucophthalmus -- Barranqueiro-de-olho-branco. Endemic Identified from long recording of forest interior, March 2009. Responds very well to playback and attracts other ant-associated species. Listen to song Listen to call (with Red-crowned Ant-tanager)
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser -- Sclerurus scansor -- Vira-folha. Endemic Alarm call heard in forest, Oct 2008, and again at dawn February 2009.
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Very responsive to playback in forest interior. Listen to call and song following playback
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner -- Automolus leucophthalmus -- Barranqueiro-de-olho-branco. Endemic Identified from long recording of forest interior, March 2009. Responds very well to playback and attracts other ant-associated species. Listen to song Listen to call (with Red-crowned Ant-tanager)
Rufous-breasted Leaftosser -- Sclerurus scansor -- Vira-folha. Endemic Alarm call heard in forest, Oct 2008, and again at dawn February 2009.
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DENDROCOLAPTIDAE – Woodcreepers (3)
Plain-winged Woodcreeper (also Thrush-like Woodcreeper) – Dendrocincla turdina -- Arapaçu-liso*. Endemic Seen and heard often in forest, occasionally also on palms near house. Indicator of mixed-species flocks following army ant swarms, never misses the picnic. Responds very well to playback. Listen to song
Lesser woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus fuscus -- Arapaçu. Endemic. Heard constantly, seen often. Listen to call (with Yellow-legged Tinamou)
Olivaceous Woodcreeper - Sittasomus griseicapillus - Arapaçu-verde. Seen frequently in area of trees close to main house, and in forest interior. Extremely responsive to playback.
*The Birdlife International species index shows this bird "lumped" with the Plain-brown Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, but I am sticking here with the listing of the Brazilian Committee on Ornithological Registration, which shows Dendrocincla turdina as a separate, endemic species. I'll leave it to the experts to fight it out!
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*The Birdlife International species index shows this bird "lumped" with the Plain-brown Woodcreeper, Dendrocincla fuliginosa, but I am sticking here with the listing of the Brazilian Committee on Ornithological Registration, which shows Dendrocincla turdina as a separate, endemic species. I'll leave it to the experts to fight it out!
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TYRANNIDAE – Tyrant flycatchers (35)
Yellow-olive flycatcher - Tolmomyias sulphurescens - Bico-chato-de-orelha-preta. Heard and seen often.
White-throated spadebill – Platyrinchus mystaceus - Patinho. Seen in understorey near river summer 2008. Listen to call.
Yellow-lored tody-flycatcher – Todirostrum poliocephalum - Teque-teque. Endemic. Seen often, sometimes in "Indian almond" shade tree next to main house balcony. Listen to call
Great Kiskadee – Pitangus sulphuratus --Bem-te-vi. Seen and heard constantly. Listen to song (by river)
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Greyish Mourner -- Rhytipterna simplex -- Vissiá. Heard frequently in forest interior. Listen to call (with Sepia-capped Flycatcher and others)
Photo: Bruno Lima
Eye-ringed tody-tyrant – Hemitriccus orbitatus -- Tiririzinho-do-mato. Endemic Near-Threatened. Heard constantly from lower-mid storey at meeting of two trails, also from bridge over forest wetland. Can be seen with patience. Listen to song Listen to more elaborate song (9 Dec 2009) Listen to repeated song with White-tailed Trogon, Yellow-legged Tinamou and others
Photo: Bruno Lima
Eye-ringed tody-tyrant – Hemitriccus orbitatus -- Tiririzinho-do-mato. Endemic Near-Threatened. Heard constantly from lower-mid storey at meeting of two trails, also from bridge over forest wetland. Can be seen with patience. Listen to song Listen to more elaborate song (9 Dec 2009) Listen to repeated song with White-tailed Trogon, Yellow-legged Tinamou and others
Boat-billed flycatcher – Megarynchus pitangua -- Neinei. Seen and heard constantly from spring to autumn, especially noisy near house February 2009. Listen to call Listen to call and songs
Lesser Kiskadee - Philohydor lictor - Bentevizinho-do-brejo. Identified from recording in August. Listen to song (distant background from about 5 secs)
Lesser Kiskadee - Philohydor lictor - Bentevizinho-do-brejo. Identified from recording in August. Listen to song (distant background from about 5 secs)
Southern Beardless Tyrannulet – Camptostoma obsoletum -- Risadinha. Seen and heard frequently in open areas.
São Paulo Tyrannulet - Phylloscartes paulista - Não-pode-parar. Endemic Near-Threatened Identified with reasonable certainty from recording of mixed-species understorey flock near river, June 2009. Listen to call (comes in three times)
Planalto Tyrannulet - Phyllomyias fasciatus - Piolhinho. Heard in Feb 2009 and again in May.
São Paulo Tyrannulet - Phylloscartes paulista - Não-pode-parar. Endemic Near-Threatened Identified with reasonable certainty from recording of mixed-species understorey flock near river, June 2009. Listen to call (comes in three times)
Planalto Tyrannulet - Phyllomyias fasciatus - Piolhinho. Heard in Feb 2009 and again in May.
Gray-hooded flycatcher – Mionectes rufiventris -Abre-asa-de-cabeça-cinza Endemic. Seen regularly in forest. Listen to song
Gray-hooded Attila – Attila rufus -- Capitão-de-saíra. Endemic. Heard constantly, seen regularly in forest - sometimes comes to trees near house. Very responsive to playback. Listen to call Listen to call and song Listen to alarm call
Masked water tyrant – Fluvicola nengeta -- Lavadeira-mascarada. Resident year round in open area, very tame.
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant - Arundinicola leucocephala - Freirinha. Spotted on track to highway, amongst reeds in marshy area, November 2009.
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant - Arundinicola leucocephala - Freirinha. Spotted on track to highway, amongst reeds in marshy area, November 2009.
Eared Pygmy-tyrant – Myiornis auricularis -- Miudinho. Endemic. Seen constantly, comes out nicely with playback near main trails and tracks. July-August 2009 was constantly in front of forest edge at start of main trail. Listen to call
Large-headed Flatbill – Ramphotrigon megacephalum - Maria-cabeçuda. Heard often late afternoon and on forest trail in morning. Listen to call
Large-headed Flatbill – Ramphotrigon megacephalum - Maria-cabeçuda. Heard often late afternoon and on forest trail in morning. Listen to call
Sulphur-rumped flycatcher – Myiobius barbatus -- Assanhadinho. Seen regularly. Some doubt about precise classification of this bird as there has been some "splitting" going on, but I will keep it as it is until I get better advice.
Photo: Bruno Lima
Photo: Bruno Lima
Sepia-capped Flycatcher – Leptopogon amaurocephalus - Cabeçudo. Heard and seen constantly, especially by main trail entrance, responds excitedly to playback. Listen to song (with Yellow-legged Tinamou) Listen to "chatter"
Social Flycatcher – Myiozetetes similis -Bem-te-vizinho. Seen and heard frequently. Listen to call (with Green Ibis)
Cliff Flycatcher – Hirundinea ferruginea - Gibão-de-couro. Seen and heard constantly in open area around house, perching on bare trunk and nesting on house pillar ledge.
Short-crested Flycatcher – Myiarchus ferox -- Maria-cavaleira. Seen frequently.
Swainson's Flycatcher - Myiarchus swainsoni - Maria-irré. Identified near barbecue area October 2009, previously probably mistaken for Short-crested flycatcher to which it is very similar.
Swainson's Flycatcher - Myiarchus swainsoni - Maria-irré. Identified near barbecue area October 2009, previously probably mistaken for Short-crested flycatcher to which it is very similar.
Long-tailed Tyrant – Colonia colonus -- Viuvinha. Seen frequently, especially spring and summer.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher – Tyrannus savana -- Tesourinha-do-campo. Seasonal visitor, arrived mid-Sep 2008, seen only sporadically. Seen exactly the same time in 2009, near turnoff from highway.
Tropical Kingbird – Tyrannus melancholicus - Suiriri. Seen constantly in spring and summer when it is very abundant, nested 2007 in acerola tree.
Crested Becard – Pachyramphus validus - Caneleiro-de-chapéu-preto. Nested spring 2007 in jerivá near house, and both spring 2008 and 2009 (two pairs) in pines near house. Regular spring-summer visitor.
Male (left) and female
Cattle Tyrant - Machetornis rixosa -Suiriri-cavaleiro. Seen frequently on ground in open areas.
Male (left) and female
Cattle Tyrant - Machetornis rixosa -Suiriri-cavaleiro. Seen frequently on ground in open areas.
Streaked Flycatcher – Myiodynastes maculatus -- Bem-te-vi-rajado. Nests in jerivá palms near house in spring. Can be hard to spot as its markings provide good camouflage, but its location is given away by a penetrating call heard throughout spring and summer. Listen to call (with Boat-billed Flycatcher
Piratic Flycatcher – Legatus leucophaius -- Bem-te-vi-pirata. Regular spring visitor, used red-rumped cacique "hanging basket" to nest 2007-8.
Variegated Flycatcher - Empidonomus varius - Peitica. Spotted and heard from across lake perched tall tree, November 2009. Distinguishable from Piratic Flycatcher by reddish-brown mark on shoulder. Photographed Dec 6th 2009 eating what appeared to be a moth next to banana feeder.
Yellow-bellied Elaenia - Elaenia flavogaster -- Guracava-de-barriga-amarela. Seen near main house and on entrance track near upper gate.
Vermilion Flycatcher - Pyrocephalus rubinus - Verão.
Seasonal visitor, arriving late September 2008 for a couple of weeks, apparently "in transit". Male easily confused with male Brazilian Tanager due to scarlet colouring, but has black mask and lacks the tanager´s white mark at base of beak.
Tropical Pewee - Contopus cinereus - Papa-moscus-cinzento. Heard in forest Oct 2008.
Seasonal visitor, arriving late September 2008 for a couple of weeks, apparently "in transit". Male easily confused with male Brazilian Tanager due to scarlet colouring, but has black mask and lacks the tanager´s white mark at base of beak.
Tropical Pewee - Contopus cinereus - Papa-moscus-cinzento. Heard in forest Oct 2008.
Euler´s Flycatcher - Lathrotriccus euleri -- Enferrujado. Summer visitor identified from photo taken in November 2007, seen again near river and by entrance track, Oct 2008, heard in forest Nov 2009. Listen to call
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PIPRIDAE – Manakins (3)
Swallow-tailed Manakin (also Blue Manakin)– Chiroxiphia caudata - Tangará Endemic Seen and heard constantly, responds well to playback. Best located at forest edge, by entrance to main trail, where lekking can be heard during spring/summer. Also nearly always on secondary trail, halfway up the slope. Listen to call. Listen to group calling
White-bearded Manakin – Manacus manacus – Rendeira. Often heard in sparser parts of forest, especially by edge of entrance track and near jaboticaba tree by river, unmistakeable from clicks made by wing displays. Tends to stay in thick undergrowth so not easy to see - but will sometimes emerge into view. Listen to two males displaying
Female
Pin-tailed Manakin - Ilicura militaris - Tangarazinho. Endemic. Heard calling from forest just behind main house, May 2009
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Female
Pin-tailed Manakin - Ilicura militaris - Tangarazinho. Endemic. Heard calling from forest just behind main house, May 2009
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COTINGIDAE – Cotingas (6)
Black-headed Berryeater – Carpornis melanocephala - Sabiá-pimenta. Endemic Vulnerable. Heard constantly throughout the year Sep 2007 until July 2008 - then disappeared but heard again April 2009 from palmito-rich part of forest. Listen to song
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Shrike-like Cotinga - Laniisoma elegans - Chibante. Heard near top of main trail, Oct 2009.
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Shrike-like Cotinga - Laniisoma elegans - Chibante. Heard near top of main trail, Oct 2009.
Red-ruffed Fruitcrow – Pyroderus scutatus -- Pavó. Endemic. Seen periodically, especially during fruiting of Euterpes edulis palm, frequently heard "booming" especially in late winter and spring. Listen to booming (with Red-rumped Cacique and others)
Greenish Schiffornis -- Schiffornis virescens -- Flautim. Endemic. Heard constantly, seen flitting restlessly in mid-storey of forest interior, can be coaxed into view by playback. Listen to song
Bare-throated Bellbird – Procnias nudicollis - Araponga . Endemic Vulnerable. Seen occasionally in autumn feeding on Euterpe edulis palm fruit close to house, its metallic call heard more from the forest, from August onwards. Singing persistently from canopy near house through August and September 2009. Listen to call Listen to call recorded from bedroom (with yellow-legged tinamou and others)
Immature plumage
Black-tailed Tityra -- Tityra cayana -- Anambé-branco. Individual found injured near house, November 2007, seen in canopy near river Oct 2008.
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HIRUNDINIDAE – Swallows (6)
Brown-chested Martin - Progne tapera - Andorinha-do-campo. Seen mid-December at lake near highway.
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Grey-breasted Martin - Progne chalybea - Andorinha-doméstica-grande. Seen December 2008 on track from highway.
Subadult Male
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Subadult Male
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Blue and White Swallow–Notiochelidon cyanoleuca- Andorinha-de-casa-pequena. Seen constantly, nests in roof during spring
Southern Rough-winged Swallow – Stelgidopteryx ruficollis -- Andorinha-serradora. Seen regularly, especially in spring.
White-winged Swallow - Tachycineta albiventer - Andorinha-do-rio. Seen regularly singly and in pairs from river-bank, flying low over middle of river catching flies. Also spotted in wetland area en route from highway.
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
White-rumped Swallow - Tachycineta leucorrhoa - Andorinha-de-sobre-branco. Often seen flying aerobatically in pairs over the lake near highway, and sometimes in open area near house.
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
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Photo: Tommy Pedersen
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TROGLODYTIDAE – Wrens (2)
Southern House-wren – Troglodytes musculus - Corruíra. Seen and heard constantly.
Long-billed wren –Thryothorus longirostris - Garrinchão-de-bico-grande. Heard constantly from forest, seen occasionally Listen to song
Photo: Tasso Leventis
Photo: Tasso Leventis
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MUSCICAPIDAE – Thrushes (5)
White-necked thrush – Turdus albicollis - Sabiá-coleira. Seen often, heard constantly from August onwards from dawn onwards. Listen to call (evening, spring)
Rufous-bellied thrush – Turdus rufiventris -Sabiá-laranjeira. Heard and seen constantly in open areas.Listen to evening call (spring)
Creamy-bellied Thrush – Turdus amaurochalinus - Sabiá-poca. Seen constantly in open areas.
Pale-breasted Thrush - Turdus leucomelus - Sabiá-branco. Not noticed so often, but in full voice in pines and bamboo near house, Sep 2009.
Yellow-legged Thrush – Platycichla flavipes - Sabiá-una. Seen and heard regularly, most easily spotted during fruiting of Euterpe edulis palm April-May, occasionally (as here) dropping to ground. Listen to song Listen to extended song from low branch, Aug 2009
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POLIOPTILIDAE – Gnatcatchers (1)
Long-billed Gnatwren – Ramphocaenus melanurus - Bico assovelado. Heard frequently, especially on riverbank trail. Listen to song
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POLIOPTILIDAE – Gnatcatchers (1)
Long-billed Gnatwren – Ramphocaenus melanurus - Bico assovelado. Heard frequently, especially on riverbank trail. Listen to song
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VIREONIDAE - Vireos (2)
Rufous-browed Peppershrike - Cyclarhis gujanensis - Pitiguari. Heard frequently. Listen to song (with Tropical Parula and Plain Parakeets)
Red-eyed Vireo - Vireo olivaceus - Juruviara. Long-distance spring migrant from North America, sings constantly from upper branches. In Jan 2010, seen foraging in shade tree next to main house balcony (see photo). Listen to song (at dawn with other species)
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PARULINAE – Wood-warblers (4)
Tropical Parula – Parula pitiayumi - Mariquita. Seen and heard constantly, especially in wooded area by main house. Listen to song
Golden-crowned warbler – Basileuterus culicivorus -Pula-pula. Seen constantly at forest edge and by river.Listen to calls and song
Neotropical River Warbler (also Riverbank Warbler)– Phaeothlypis rivularis - Pula-pula-ribeirinho. Seen and heard regularly at stream near river. Listen to song Listen to call (pair in wetland)
Masked Yellowthroat – Geothlypis aequinoctialis - Pia-cobra. Seen often in open grassy areas
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THRAUPIDAE – Tanagers (19)
Chestnut-bellied Euphonia – Euphonia pectoralis - Ferro-velho. Endemic. Heard and seen regularly. Listen to call
Violaceous Euphonia – Euphonia violacea - Gaturamo-verdadeiro. Seen constantly in jerivá palms and bananas. Listen to imitations song (with Long-billed Wren)
Male
Male
Female
Sayaca Tanager – Thraupis sayaca - Sanhaçu-cinzento. Seen constantly.
Photo: Renato da Silva
Photo: Renato da Silva
Azure-shouldered tanager – Thraupis cyanoptera - Sanhaço-de-encontro-azul. Endemic Near Threatened. Restricted Range. Seen regularly feeding on fruit, easy to confuse with Sayaca Tanager - look for more blue on tail and darker colouring around eyes.
Golden-chevroned Tanager – Thraupis ornate - Sanhaçu-de-encontro-amarelo. Endemic. Seen constantly in spring and summer feeding on bananas, and in jerivá palms by main house, in 2009 visible by late July.
Video by Eduardo Duwe
Palm tanager – Thraupis palmarum - Sanhaço-do-coqueiro. Seen and heard constantly in jerivá palms near house. Listen to song (with Blue-winged Parrotlets)
Video by Eduardo Duwe
Brazilian Tanager – Ramphocelus bresilius - Tiê-sangue. Endemic. Seen constantly near house, especially at feeders and in nearby fruit trees. Scarlet-coloured male usually accompanied by several females, orange-brown colouring and bolder. Listen to call
Male
Male
Female
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager – Habia rubica - Sanhaçu-de-asa-branca. Seen and heard constantly in forest interior, nuclear species in mixed flocks following army ant swarms. Listen to call
Green-headed Tanager – Tangara seledon -Saíra-sete-cores. Endemic. Seen constantly feeding on bananas, often in groups.
Red-necked Tanager – Tangara cyanocephala - Saíra militar. Endemic. Seen regularly in wooded area near main house, and at forest edge near entrance track.
Paragraph.
Flame-crested Tanager – Tachyphonus cristatus -Tiê-galo. Seen regularly in wooded area near house, especially in Jambo tree in front of bedroom terrace.
Male
Male
Female
Ruby-crowned Tanager -- Tachyphonus coronatus - Tiê-preto. Endemic Seen in mixed flocks with other tanagers in front of house - can appear plain black as "ruby" spot on male is often not visible. Listen to breeding song
Fawn-breasted Tanager – Pipraeidea melanonota - Saíra-viúva. Seasonal visitor, pair arrived in banana area Sep 8th 2008, and seen by lake Sep 4th 2009.
Blue Dacnis – Dacnis Cayana - Saí-azul. Seen regularly feeding on fruit.
Male
Male
Female or subadult male
Swallow Tanager - Tersina viridis - Saí-andorinha. Seen periodically perched on high, bare branches. Shown here by fishing lake Sep 2009.
Green Honeycreeper – Chlorophanes spiza - Saí-verde. Seen occasionally bathing in bromelia
.
Black-goggled Tanager - Trichothraupis melanops - Tiê-de-topete. Seen with mixed antbird flock in forest interior.
Olive-green Tanager - Orthogonys chloricterus - Catirumbava. Endemic Restricted Range. Occasional winter visitor from mountains, heard late July in forest.
Rufous-headed Tanager - Hemithraupis ruficapilla - Saira-ferrugem. Endemic. Spotted with mixed flock in canopy, late August.
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COEREBIDAE – Bananaquit (1)
Bananaquit – Coereba flaveola - Cambacica. Seen and heard constantly, especially on fruit trees and bananas.
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EMBERIZINAE – Finches (8)
Saffron Finch – Sicalis flaveola - Canário-da-terra. Pair resident in open area, very tame. Also seen in larger flocks in winter.
Rufous-collared Sparrow – Zonotrichia capensis - Tico-tico. Seen and heard constantly
Double-collared seedeater – Sporophila caerulescens - Coleirinho. Seen and heard constantly, nested in passion-fruit vine.
Temminck’s seedeater – Sporophila falcirostris - Cigarra-verdadeira. Endemic Vulnerable. Restricted Range. Identified in forest bamboo during April survey, and heard near house early Oct 2008.
Buffy-fronted Seedeater -- Sporophila frontalis - Pixoxó. Endemic Vulnerable. Restricted Range. Identified from recording of "dawn chorus" from house early September 2007. Listen to call (amongst many other species).
Temminck’s seedeater – Sporophila falcirostris - Cigarra-verdadeira. Endemic Vulnerable. Restricted Range. Identified in forest bamboo during April survey, and heard near house early Oct 2008.
Buffy-fronted Seedeater -- Sporophila frontalis - Pixoxó. Endemic Vulnerable. Restricted Range. Identified from recording of "dawn chorus" from house early September 2007. Listen to call (amongst many other species).
Lined Seedeater -- Sporophila lineola - Bigodinho. Seen regularly in open areas. Listen to song (with Rufous-collared Sparrow)
Photo: Tommy Pedersen
Uniform Finch – Haplospiza unicolor - Cigarra-bambu. Endemic. Seen in August 2007 in dead fronds hanging from jerivá palm.
Blue-black grassquit – Volatinia jacarina - Tiziu. Seen hopping in grass at cleared area near entrance.
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CARDINALINAE – Saltators (1)
Black-throated Grosbeak – Saltator fuliginosus - Bico-de-pimenta Endemic Seen occasionally, heard more often in covered forest.
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ICTERINAE – Blackbirds (3)
Red-rumped Cacique – Cacicus haemorrhous - Guaxe. Extremely common year-round, gather in flocks around sunset, feed on hanging bananas.
Shiny Cowbird - Molothrus bonariensis - Chopim. Very common, often seen walking on ground.
Giant Cowbird - Molothrus oryzivorus - Iraúna-grande. Seen walking in open field above house, December, and again in canopy flock in pines and main forest trail, May 2009. See photo Listen to song from canopy (with channel-billed toucans)
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CORVIDAE – Crows and Jays (1)
Azure Jay – Cyanocorax caeruleus - Gralha-azul. Endemic Near Threatened. Heard and seen often in flocks in canopy, sometimes mixing with toucans, especially near river but also close to house. Listen to call (with Red-breasted Toucan)